Pluralistic Ignorance

We believe that our private views are different from those of the majority. This often leads them to suppress their own beliefs and behaviors to conform to what they perceive as the societal norm.

#judgment

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  2. Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1993). Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: Some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(2), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.243
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  4. Coultas, J., van Leeuwen, E. (2015). Conformity: Definitions, Types, and Evolutionary Grounding. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Welling, L., Shackelford, T. (eds) Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology. Evolutionary Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12697-5_15
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  7. O’Gorman, H. J. (1986). The discovery of pluralistic ignorance: An ironic lesson. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 22(4), 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(198610)22:4<333::AID-JHBS2300220405>3.0.CO;2-X
  8. Morse, N. C., & Allport, F. H. (1952). The causation of anti-Semitism: An investigation of seven hypotheses. The Journal of Psychology, 34(2), 197-233.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1952.9916118
  9. Shamir, J., & Shamir, M. (1997). Pluralistic Ignorance Across Issues and Over Time: Information Cues and Biases. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(2), 227–260. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2749551
  10. Lambert, T. A., Kahn, A. S., & Apple, K. J. (2003). Pluralistic ignorance and hooking up. Journal of sex research, 40(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552174
  11. A&E Television Networks. (2021, May 21). Kitty Genovese. History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/crime/kitty-genovese
  12. Latane, B., & Darley, J. M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(3), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026570
  13. Hampton, K.N., Rainie, L., Lu, W., Dwyer, M., Shin, I., & Purcell, K. (2014). “Social Media and the ‘Spiral of Silence.’ Pew Research Center, Washington, DC. http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/08/26/social-media-and-the-spiral-of-silence/